The Experiences and Coping Strategies of Female Music Majors Singing During Menstruation: A Case Study

Authors

  • Khristine Ruth Mendoza Adventist University of the Philippines
  • Nerilyn Beratio Adventist University of the Philippines
  • Rowena Ramos Adventist University of the Philippines
  • Sheryl Ann De Dios Adventist University of the Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31154/isc12.v12i4.159.954-965

Keywords:

Menstruation, singing performance, coping strategies

Abstract

This case study explored the experiences and coping strategies of female music majors navigating their singing practices amidst the complexities of menstruation. Through in-depth interviews with ten participants, this research aimed to uncover the ways in which menstruation influences vocal performance and the overall singing experience of female music majors. This study was based on The Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation by Janwillem van den Berg (1958). Data collection involves semi-structured interviews with subsequent verbatim transcription and translation, followed by a thematic analysis. The findings reveal that participants shared similar experiences, such as menstrual fatigue, distorted vocal production and quality, emotional sensitivity, and vulnerability with one’s voice. Furthermore, the study finds that participants practiced pre- and on-cycle care and self-empowerment to navigate such challenges experienced during their menstrual phase. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how female music majors managed the challenges they faced in singing while having their menstruation, offering awareness of the ways in which physiological changes caused by menstruation influence singing performance, as well as offering invaluable insights into self-care in mitigating the challenges in singing brought about by menstruation.

Author Biographies

Nerilyn Beratio, Adventist University of the Philippines

Music Department Faculty - College of Arts and Humanities

Rowena Ramos, Adventist University of the Philippines

Research Consultant

Sheryl Ann De Dios, Adventist University of the Philippines

Music Department Faculty - Chair

References

Abitbol, J., Abitbol, P., & Abitbol, B. (1999). Sex hormones and the female voice. Journal of Voice, 13(3), 424–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(99)80048-4

Ahmed, S. K. (2024). The pillars of trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 2(1), 1–4. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100051

Amankwaa, L. (2016, October 1). Creating protocols for trustworthiness in qualitative research. ResearchGate Publications. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324804792_creating_protocols_for_trustworthiness_in_qualitative_research

Amir, O. & Biron-Shental, T. (2004). Current Opinion in Otolaryngology. https://journals.lww.com/co-otolaryngology/toc/2004/06000

Ara, N., Aswathy, V. K., Kura, S. M., Ahmada, H.A., Khatoon, N. & Ally, T.A. (2024). Menstrual cycle effects on mental health outcomes: An ethnographic study. BIO Web of Conferences, 86, 01011. https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/pdf/2024/05/bioconf_rtbs2024_01011.pdf. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248601011

Arnold, G. E. (1998, September 30). Speech | Language, voice production, anatomy, & Physiology. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/speech-language/Theory-of-voice-production

Bhandari, P. (2023, June 22). Ethical Considerations in Research | Types & Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/research-ethics/

Chae, S.W., Choi, G., Kang, H.J., Choi, J.O. & Jin, S.M. (2001, June). Clinical analysis of voice change as a parameter of premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Voice, 15(2), 278–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(01)00028-5

Cleveland Clinic. (2023, May 19). Menstrual migraines (hormone headaches). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8260-menstrual-migraines-hormone-headaches

Devault, G. (2019, August 20). Establishing trustworthiness in research. https://www.liveabout.com/establishing-trustworthiness-in-qualitative-research-2297042

Guba (1981): What is Transferability in Qualitative Research https://qdacity.com/trustworthiness/transferability/

Guerreiro, S. (2011). The Female Singing Voice. https://digitalcollections.ric.edu/record/1236?v=pdf

Gunjawate, D. R., Aithal, V.U., Ravi, R. & Venkatesh, B.. (2017). The effect of menstrual cycle on singing voice: A systematic review. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27234008/

Hartlage, S., & Arduino K. (2022). Toward the content validity of premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Do anger and irritability more than depressed mood represent treatment-seekers' experiences?, 189-194. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.1.189

Healthline. (2023, October 10). Anxiety before period: Causes, symptoms, and treatment. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety-before-period#pmdd-and-pme

Jamshed, S. (2014). Qualitative research method-interviewing and observation. Journal of basic and clinical pharmacy, 5(4), 87–88. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4194943/

Jean Hailes for Women's Health. (2023, September 7). Clearing the fog: Understanding brain fog before your period. Jean Hailes for Women's Health. https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/news/clearing-the-fog#:~:text=In%20the%20days%20leading%20up,serious%20topic%20in%20women's%20health.

Kiik-Salupere, V. & Ross, J. (2020). How professional and student singers cope with performance anxiety. In Gudmundsdottir, H.R., Beynon, C., Ludke, K. & Cohen, A. J. (Eds.), The Routledge companion to interdisciplinary studies in singing (1st Ed.). Routledge.

Korstjens, I., & Moser, A. (2017). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 4: Trustworthiness and publishing. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1),120–124.https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1375092

Maguire, M. & Delahunt, B. (2017). Doing a thematic analysis: A practical, step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars. https://ojs.aishe.org/index.php/aishe-j/article/download/335/553/1557#:~:text=Step%201%3A%20Become%20familiar%20with,Step%206%3A%20Write%2Dup.&text=3.3%20Step%201%3A%20Become%20familiar%20with%20the%20data

Medical News Today. (2023, February 2). Period fatigue: Causes, symptoms, and treatment. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/period-fatigue#symptoms

Monzón, K. D. (2019). Vascularity and the hormonal cycle in female classical singers. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/send_file/send?accession=osu1562255094732137&disposition=inline

Moy, G. (2022). Menstrual-related headache. Textbook of women's health (pp. 122-130). National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557451/

Neff, K. D., Hseih, Y., & Dejitthirat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4(3), 263–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860500130034

Osborn, K. (2018). The psychology of singing: the effects of emotions on the voice. https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=student_scholarship_posters

PubMed, (2015). How to study the menstrual cycle: Practical tools and recommendations. PMC (nih.gov)

Quantilope (2024): Dependability and Trustworthiness in Qualitative research https://www.quantilope.com/resources/glossary-trustworthiness-in-qualitative-research

Rajaselin, A., Sridevi, G. and Preetha, S. (2021). An evaluation of hot water intake and relief from menstrual cramps among healthy females - A cross sectional study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(58B), pp. 319–327. doi: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i58B34207

Ramos, O. (2022). Period stain and social evaluation. The Performance of Shame, 16. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1971-8853/13758

Rumer, F. (2013, May). The science behind our voice & emotions. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/science-behind-our-voice-emotions-faith-rumer#:~:text=Each%20emotion%20causes%20a%20different,control%20and%20affect%20our%20voice

Rosario, R. (2023, September). Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373695830_Thematic_Analysis_in_Qualitative_Research

Rocha, B. (2018). The influence of sleep disorders on voice quality. Journal of Voice, 32(4),771–779. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0892199717302072

Ryan, M. & Kenny, DT. (2007, January). Perceived effects of the menstrual cycle on young female singers in the Western classical tradition. Journal of Voice. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

Sataloff, R.T. (2005). Professional voice. Plural Pub Inc, 1-37. https://www.pluralpublishing.com/application/files/9115/4716/2941/media_pv4e_SamplePages.pdf

Shoffel-Havakuk, H., Carmel-Neiderman, N. N., Halperin, D., Shapira Galitz, Y., Levin, D., Haimovich, Y., Cohen, O., Abitbol, J., & Lahav, Y. (2018). Menstrual cycle, vocal performance, and laryngeal vascular appearance: An observational study on 17 subjects. Journal of voice: official journal of the Voice Foundation, 32(2), 226–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2017.05.001

Smith, J. (2016). The effects of hormonal changes on vocal quality in premenstrual dysphonia. Journal of Voice, 30(5), 567-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.03.0984

Thorpe, C. W., Cala, S. J., Chapman, J., & Davis, P. J. (2001). Patterns of breath support in projection of the singing voice. Journal of Voice, 15(1), 86-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(01)00009-1

Unkel, R. (n.d.). Dysmenorrhea and other menstrual disorders. In Global Library of Women's Medicine. https://www.glowm.com/pdf/Chap-07_Unkels.pdf

van den Berg, J. (1958). Myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of voice production. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 1(3). 227-244. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.0103.227

Vocapedia. (n.d.). Main page. Vocapedia. https://vocapedia.info/wiki/Main_Page

Watsons, S. (2023, March 13). Stages of menstrual cycle. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/womens-health/stages-of-menstrual-cycle

Downloads

Published

2026-02-20

How to Cite

Mendoza, K. R., Beratio, N., Ramos, R., & De Dios, S. A. (2026). The Experiences and Coping Strategies of Female Music Majors Singing During Menstruation: A Case Study. 12th International Scholars Conference 2025, 12(4), 954–965. https://doi.org/10.31154/isc12.v12i4.159.954-965