Efficacy and Safety of N-acetylcysteine in Improving Depressive Symptoms of Neuropsychiatric Diseases:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31154/isc12.v12i1.126.140-149Keywords:
Neuropsychiatric disorders, Depression, N-Acetylcysteine, Major Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disoder, Mood disorder, Generalized Anxiety DisorderAbstract
Depressive symptoms are prevalent across various neuropsychiatric disorders. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been explored for its potential as adjunctive treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of NAC, compared to standard therapy alone, in improving depressive symptom severity, and quality of life in adults with neuropsychiatric disorders. It also aims to identify any adverse effects from taking NAC.
Methods: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) involving adults who are diagnosed with neuropsychiatric diseases with depressive symptoms were included. Primary outcomes assessed were changes in depressive symptom scores, psychosocial function, and reported adverse effects.
Results: Of the 10 RCTs included, 8 were eligible for meta-analysis. NAC as an adjunct significantly reduced depressive symptom severity compared to placebo. However, improvements in psychosocial functioning measured by LIFE-RIFT, SOFAS, and Q-LES-Q were inconsistent and not statistically significant. Subgroup analyses showed no significant benefit in bipolar disorder. Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant reduction in MADRS scores among those treated with NAC.
Conclusion: NAC significantly reduces depressive symptom scores in patients with bipolar disorder and MDD. However, its impact on quality of life and psychosocial functioning remains inconclusive. Mild adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal
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